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Definition -- what is a partial metric space?

A partial metric space [Mat92, Mat94] is a pair (X, p:S×S->R+) (where R+ denotes the set of all non negative real numbers) such that
  1. p(x,y) = p(y,x)   (symmetry)

  2. If p(x,x) = p(x,y) = p(y,y) then x=y   (equality)

  3. p(x,x) <= p(x,y)   (small self-distances)

  4. p(x,z) + p(y,y) <= p(x,y) + p(y,z)   (triangularity)
A partial metric space is a generalisation of the notion of metric space [Su75] such that distances of the form p(x,x) are no longer necessarily zero.